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The far right in Switzerland was established in the course of the rise of fascism in Europe in the interwar period. It was a mostly marginal phenomenon in the Cold War period, excepting a surge of radical right-wing populism during the early 1970s, and has again attracted some media attention since 2000. ==World Wars (1914-1945)== Switzerland was one of the least likely countries in Europe to succumb to fascism as its democracy had deep roots, it lacked a frustrated nationalism, had a high standard of living, wide distribution of property ownership and a secure economy.〔Stanley G. Payne, ''A History of Fascism 1914-1945'', London, Routledge, 2001, p. 291〕 Despite this, before World War II a number of far left and fascist groups existed in Switzerland. The earliest of these was Eugen Bircher's ''Schweizerischer Vaterländischer Verband'', established in 1918. Gaining some influential members, it lasted until 1947. It was linked to the ''Heimatwehr'', an anti-Semitic group established in 1925.〔Alan Morris Schom, ('A Survey of Nazi and Pro-Nazi Groups in Switzerland: 1930-1945' )〕 Dr. Jakob Lorenz's ''Aufgebot Bewegung'', formed in 1933, enjoyed some lower middle class support by advocating collaboration with Nazi Germany. Franz Burri advocated a similar closeness and led a variety of movements including ''Bund der Schweizer in Grossdeutschland'' (1941), ''Nationalsozialistische Schweizerbund'' and the ''Nationalsozialistische Bewegung in der Schweiz'' (both 1942).〔Schom 〕 By 1937 there were effectively three main language specific groups i.e. the National Front (formed 1933) for German speakers, the ''Union Nationale'' for French speakers and the ''Lega Nazionale Ticinese'' for Italian speakers, with the latter two active in Romansh areas. Of these only the National Front managed to gain any real support.〔R. Griffin, ''The Nature of Fascism'', London: Routledge, 1993, p. 129〕 Other minor, pro-Nazi, fascist or far right groups that were active included: * The Swiss branch of the NSDAP under Wilhelm Gustloff. * ''Bund für Volk und Heimat'' - a Christian ultra-right group under Rudolf Grob, Samuel Haas and Professor Walter Wili. * ''Bund Treuer Eidgenossen Nationalsozialistischer Weltanschauung'' - a more avowedly pro-Nazi breakaway from the National Front under former leader Rolf Henne. This group was superseded by the ''Nationale Bewegung der Schweiz'' in 1940. * ''Eidgenössische Front'' - an anti-Semitic group ran by Heinrich Eugen Wechlin between 1933 and 1938. * ''Eidgenössische Soziale Arbeiter-Partei'' - a Zurich-based group active from 1936 to 1940 under Ernst Hofmann. * ''Faschistischer Bewegung der Schweiz'' - the movement of Benito Mussolini follower Arthur Fonjallaz. It grew from his previous groups Helvetic Action Against Secret Societies and the ''Federation Fasciste Suisse''. * ''Katholische Front'' and ''Front der Militanten Katholiken'' - two pro-Nazi Roman Catholic movements led by brothers Karl and Fridolin Weder. * ''Nationalsozialistische Schweizerische Arbeitspartei'' - a mimetic Nazi group, also known as the ''Volksbund'', led by Major Ernst Leonhardt.〔Schom, 〕 A number of pro-Nazi parties and organizations persisted well into World War II. In the course of the war, however, these pro-Nazi became very unpopular and were effectively driven underground, the National Front and its successor group the Eidgenössische Sammlung were banned in 1943. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Far-right politics in Switzerland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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